Papers
This section presents a collection of AHP/ANP papers. Whether you are a student, academic and/or professional in the field of decision making, you can help us expand this collection by sharing your papers on decision making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP).
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Paper results for keyword: IntangiblesFive Ways to Combine Tangibles with Intangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy ProcessThis paper presents five different ways to establish weights for the criteria that govern making comparisons. Four of these can be done in the context of the AHP, but the fifth and most reliable one is obtained by using the ANP.
Read MoreOn the measurement of intengibles. A principal eigenvector approach to relative measurement derived from paired comparisons
Thomas SaatyJournal: Notices of the American Mathematical SocietyNearly all of us have been brought up to believe that clear-headed logical thinking is our only sure way to face and solve problems. But experience suggests that logical thinking is not natural to us. Indeed, we have to practice, and for a long time, before we can do it well. Since complex proble...
Read MoreAn innovative orders-of-magnitude approach to AHP-based mutli-criteria decision making: Prioritizing divergent intangible humane acts
Thomas Saaty, Jennifer ShangJournal: European Journal of Operational ResearchAn innovative Analytic Hierarchy Process-based structure is developed to capture the relationship between various levels of activities contributed by people to society. Physical objects have widespread extension and degrees of importance that often differ by many orders of magnitude. Similarly, m...
Read MoreEconomic forecasting with tangible and intangible criteria
Thomas SaatyJournal: Economic HorizonsThis paper provides a summary of a mathematical theory about the use of expert judgments in paired comparisons and how to derive priorities from them particularly when intangible factors are involved. An example to validate the process when applied to tangibles is given along with a simple decisi...
Read MoreExtending the measurement of tangibles to intangibles
Thomas Saaty, Mujgan Sagir OzdemirJournal: International Journal of Information Technology & Decision MakingTangibles have measurements generally on ratio scales with arbitrary units that are always interpreted by using judgments as to what particular purpose the measurements serve. How two measurements on a ratio scale are related with respect to dominance leads to forming their ratio which is a dimen...
Read MoreRelative measurement and its generalization in decision making why pairwise comparisons are central in mathematics for the measurement of intangible factors the Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process
Thomas SaatyJournal: RACSAM-Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. MatematicasAccording to the great mathematician Henri Lebesgue, making direct comparisons of objects with regard to a property is a fundamental mathematical process for deriving measurements. Measuring objects by using a known scale first then comparing the measurements works well for properties for which s...
Read MoreMaking decisions in hierarchic and network systems
Thomas Saaty, Mariya SodenkampJournal: International Journal of Applied Decision SciencesThis paper summarises a mathematical theory of the measurement of both tangible and intangible factors, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalisation to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and illustrates their application to making complex multicriteria deci...
Read MoreWho won the 2008 Olympics? A multicriteria decision of measuring intangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: Journal of Systems Science and Systems EngineeringIt often happens that at the end of Olympics games the medals won by more than one country are many and close in total number as in the 2008 games where China won 100 medals with many gold ones and the United States won 110 medals but with a lesser number of gold medals. The question is: Although...
Read MoreThe analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: applications to decisions under risk
Thomas SaatyJournal: European Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsMathematics applications largely depend on scientific practice. In science measurement depends on the use of scales, most frequently ratio scales. A ratio scale there is applied to measure various physical attributes and assumes a zero and an arbitrary unit used uniformly throughout an applicatio...
Read MoreDecision making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Thomas SaatyJournal: International journal of services sciencesDecisions involve many intangibles that need to be traded off. To do that, they have to be measured along side tangibles whose measurements must also be evaluated as to, how well, they serve the objectives of the decision maker. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of measurement thro...
Read MoreThe Analytic Hierarchy Process: how to measure intangibles in a meaningful way side by side with tangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: International Symposium on QFD, ISQFD
Read MoreBasic theory of the Analytic Hierarchy Process: How to make a decision
Thomas SaatyJournal: Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y NaturalesAn assumption arising from the practice of science and engineering since the middle ages is that because nature is physical, we should be able to relate all measurement to physical dimensions. But that is not true. Human thinking and feeling exist in the physical world but they are not matter or ...
Read MoreResolution of retributive conflicts
Thomas SaatyJournal: IFAC Proceedings VolumesIn prolonged confrontations, known here as retributive, the parties not only exact their own demands but also want to incur a high cost on the opponent. Success in resolving a conflict is measured by the gain: each party's benefits and the costs to the opponent compared with the perceived gain fo...
Read MoreScaling the membership function
Thomas SaatyJournal: European Journal of Operational ResearchTo scale the membership function, a method is needed that can assess the importance of elements
with respect to a property or criterion that is common among them. It is conceivable that membership should be determined in terms of several criteria tangible and intangible. The approach needed is a...
Read MoreHigh‐level decisions: A lesson from the Iran hostage rescue operation
Thomas Saaty, Luis Vargas, Amos BarzilayWe use the analytic hierarchy process to analyze the role of subjective factors in decision making as illustrated in the Iran rescue operation. Essentially, we show that a decision maker and that decision maker's advisors may differ in their estimates on whether an action should or should not...
Read MoreFinancial and intangible factors in fleet lease or buy decision
Luis Vargas, Thomas SaatyJournal: Industrial Marketing ManagementWe show that there is no single best solution in the leasing versus company ownership problem for the fleet administration industry as a whole. Because of the different styles and traditions of firms and because of the emphasis on intangibles beyond economics, a unifying framework of reference in...
Read More
Five Ways to Combine Tangibles with Intangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy ProcessThis paper presents five different ways to establish weights for the criteria that govern making comparisons. Four of these can be done in the context of the AHP, but the fifth and most reliable one is obtained by using the ANP.
Read MoreOn the measurement of intengibles. A principal eigenvector approach to relative measurement derived from paired comparisons
Thomas SaatyJournal: Notices of the American Mathematical SocietyNearly all of us have been brought up to believe that clear-headed logical thinking is our only sure way to face and solve problems. But experience suggests that logical thinking is not natural to us. Indeed, we have to practice, and for a long time, before we can do it well. Since complex proble...
Read MoreAn innovative orders-of-magnitude approach to AHP-based mutli-criteria decision making: Prioritizing divergent intangible humane acts
Thomas Saaty, Jennifer ShangJournal: European Journal of Operational ResearchAn innovative Analytic Hierarchy Process-based structure is developed to capture the relationship between various levels of activities contributed by people to society. Physical objects have widespread extension and degrees of importance that often differ by many orders of magnitude. Similarly, m...
Read MoreEconomic forecasting with tangible and intangible criteria
Thomas SaatyJournal: Economic HorizonsThis paper provides a summary of a mathematical theory about the use of expert judgments in paired comparisons and how to derive priorities from them particularly when intangible factors are involved. An example to validate the process when applied to tangibles is given along with a simple decisi...
Read MoreExtending the measurement of tangibles to intangibles
Thomas Saaty, Mujgan Sagir OzdemirJournal: International Journal of Information Technology & Decision MakingTangibles have measurements generally on ratio scales with arbitrary units that are always interpreted by using judgments as to what particular purpose the measurements serve. How two measurements on a ratio scale are related with respect to dominance leads to forming their ratio which is a dimen...
Read MoreRelative measurement and its generalization in decision making why pairwise comparisons are central in mathematics for the measurement of intangible factors the Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process
Thomas SaatyJournal: RACSAM-Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. MatematicasAccording to the great mathematician Henri Lebesgue, making direct comparisons of objects with regard to a property is a fundamental mathematical process for deriving measurements. Measuring objects by using a known scale first then comparing the measurements works well for properties for which s...
Read MoreMaking decisions in hierarchic and network systems
Thomas Saaty, Mariya SodenkampJournal: International Journal of Applied Decision SciencesThis paper summarises a mathematical theory of the measurement of both tangible and intangible factors, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalisation to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and illustrates their application to making complex multicriteria deci...
Read MoreWho won the 2008 Olympics? A multicriteria decision of measuring intangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: Journal of Systems Science and Systems EngineeringIt often happens that at the end of Olympics games the medals won by more than one country are many and close in total number as in the 2008 games where China won 100 medals with many gold ones and the United States won 110 medals but with a lesser number of gold medals. The question is: Although...
Read MoreThe analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: applications to decisions under risk
Thomas SaatyJournal: European Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsMathematics applications largely depend on scientific practice. In science measurement depends on the use of scales, most frequently ratio scales. A ratio scale there is applied to measure various physical attributes and assumes a zero and an arbitrary unit used uniformly throughout an applicatio...
Read MoreDecision making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Thomas SaatyJournal: International journal of services sciencesDecisions involve many intangibles that need to be traded off. To do that, they have to be measured along side tangibles whose measurements must also be evaluated as to, how well, they serve the objectives of the decision maker. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of measurement thro...
Read MoreThe Analytic Hierarchy Process: how to measure intangibles in a meaningful way side by side with tangibles
Thomas SaatyJournal: International Symposium on QFD, ISQFD
Read MoreBasic theory of the Analytic Hierarchy Process: How to make a decision
Thomas SaatyJournal: Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y NaturalesAn assumption arising from the practice of science and engineering since the middle ages is that because nature is physical, we should be able to relate all measurement to physical dimensions. But that is not true. Human thinking and feeling exist in the physical world but they are not matter or ...
Read MoreResolution of retributive conflicts
Thomas SaatyJournal: IFAC Proceedings VolumesIn prolonged confrontations, known here as retributive, the parties not only exact their own demands but also want to incur a high cost on the opponent. Success in resolving a conflict is measured by the gain: each party's benefits and the costs to the opponent compared with the perceived gain fo...
Read MoreScaling the membership function
Thomas SaatyJournal: European Journal of Operational ResearchTo scale the membership function, a method is needed that can assess the importance of elements with respect to a property or criterion that is common among them. It is conceivable that membership should be determined in terms of several criteria tangible and intangible. The approach needed is a...
Read MoreHigh‐level decisions: A lesson from the Iran hostage rescue operation
Thomas Saaty, Luis Vargas, Amos BarzilayWe use the analytic hierarchy process to analyze the role of subjective factors in decision making as illustrated in the Iran rescue operation. Essentially, we show that a decision maker and that decision maker's advisors may differ in their estimates on whether an action should or should not...
Read MoreFinancial and intangible factors in fleet lease or buy decision
Luis Vargas, Thomas SaatyJournal: Industrial Marketing ManagementWe show that there is no single best solution in the leasing versus company ownership problem for the fleet administration industry as a whole. Because of the different styles and traditions of firms and because of the emphasis on intangibles beyond economics, a unifying framework of reference in...
Read More